136108 Haumea Facts For Kids
136108 Haumea is a unique dwarf planet in the Kuiper Belt, known for its elongated shape and rapid rotation, with two moons and a bright icy surface.
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Introduction
136108 Haumea is a special dwarf planet, discovered beyond the orbit of Neptune! 🌌It was found in 2004, and scientists believe it is a part of a group called "trans-Neptunian objects," which means it's located past our eighth planet, Neptune. Haumea is unique because it's shaped like an egg instead of being round like most planets. It measures about 1,400 kilometers wide, making it the third-largest known dwarf planet. Named after the Hawaiian goddess of fertility and childbirth, Haumea is also known for its fast rotation and has a few cool moons! 🌙
Images of 136108 Haumea
Haumea's orbit outside of Neptune is similar to Makemake's. The positions are as of January 1, 2018.
The motion of Haumea in a rotating frame with a period equal to Neptune 's orbital period . (Neptune is held stationary.) It shows the nominal orbit of Haumea librating in a 12:7 resonance to Neptune. Neptune is the blue (stationary) dot at 5 o'clock. Uranus is green, Saturn yellow, and Jupiter pink. Where red turns to green is where it crosses the ecliptic. Notice that these nodes control the reversal. The animated GIF consists of 14 frames.
Schematic of the shape of Haumea Schematický náčrt tvaru plutoidu Haumea
Haumea's 3.9155-hour rotation within its discovered ring
Haumea and its orbiting moons, imaged by Hubble in 2008. Hiʻiaka is the brighter, outermost moon, while Namaka is the fainter, inner moon.
![A chart showing confirmed[83][84] Haumea family members to scale (as of 2025[update]). Unmeasured members are shown with estimated diameters using an assumed albedo of 0.7.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Haumea_Family_Shape_Size_Color.svg/500px-Haumea_Family_Shape_Size_Color.svg.png)
A chart showing confirmed[83][84] Haumea family members to scale (as of 2025[update]). Unmeasured members are shown with estimated diameters using an assumed albedo of 0.7.
Haumea imaged by the New Horizons spacecraft on 6 October 2007
Haumea's orbit outside of Neptune is similar to Makemake's. The positions are as of January 1, 2018.
The motion of Haumea in a rotating frame with a period equal to Neptune 's orbital period . (Neptune is held stationary.) It shows the nominal orbit of Haumea librating in a 12:7 resonance to Neptune. Neptune is the blue (stationary) dot at 5 o'clock. Uranus is green, Saturn yellow, and Jupiter pink. Where red turns to green is where it crosses the ecliptic. Notice that these nodes control the reversal. The animated GIF consists of 14 frames.
Schematic of the shape of Haumea Schematický náčrt tvaru plutoidu Haumea
Haumea's 3.9155-hour rotation within its discovered ring
Haumea and its orbiting moons, imaged by Hubble in 2008. Hiʻiaka is the brighter, outermost moon, while Namaka is the fainter, inner moon.
A chart showing confirmed[83][84] Haumea family members to scale (as of 2025[update]). Unmeasured members are shown with estimated diameters using an assumed albedo of 0.7.
Haumea imaged by the New Horizons spacecraft on 6 October 2007
Haumea's orbit outside of Neptune is similar to Makemake's. The positions are as of January 1, 2018.
The motion of Haumea in a rotating frame with a period equal to Neptune 's orbital period . (Neptune is held stationary.) It shows the nominal orbit of Haumea librating in a 12:7 resonance to Neptune. Neptune is the blue (stationary) dot at 5 o'clock. Uranus is green, Saturn yellow, and Jupiter pink. Where red turns to green is where it crosses the ecliptic. Notice that these nodes control the reversal. The animated GIF consists of 14 frames.
Schematic of the shape of Haumea Schematický náčrt tvaru plutoidu Haumea
Haumea's 3.9155-hour rotation within its discovered ring
Haumea and its orbiting moons, imaged by Hubble in 2008. Hiʻiaka is the brighter, outermost moon, while Namaka is the fainter, inner moon.
A chart showing confirmed[83][84] Haumea family members to scale (as of 2025[update]). Unmeasured members are shown with estimated diameters using an assumed albedo of 0.7.
Haumea imaged by the New Horizons spacecraft on 6 October 2007
Haumea's orbit outside of Neptune is similar to Makemake's. The positions are as of January 1, 2018.
The motion of Haumea in a rotating frame with a period equal to Neptune 's orbital period . (Neptune is held stationary.) It shows the nominal orbit of Haumea librating in a 12:7 resonance to Neptune. Neptune is the blue (stationary) dot at 5 o'clock. Uranus is green, Saturn yellow, and Jupiter pink. Where red turns to green is where it crosses the ecliptic. Notice that these nodes control the reversal. The animated GIF consists of 14 frames.
Schematic of the shape of Haumea Schematický náčrt tvaru plutoidu Haumea
Haumea's 3.9155-hour rotation within its discovered ring
Haumea and its orbiting moons, imaged by Hubble in 2008. Hiʻiaka is the brighter, outermost moon, while Namaka is the fainter, inner moon.
A chart showing confirmed[83][84] Haumea family members to scale (as of 2025[update]). Unmeasured members are shown with estimated diameters using an assumed albedo of 0.7.
Haumea imaged by the New Horizons spacecraft on 6 October 2007
Moons Of Haumea
Haumea has two known moons named Hiʻiaka and Namaka, which were discovered in 2005. 🌕Hiʻiaka is the larger moon, named after another Hawaiian goddess, while Namaka is smaller. These moons are also shaped irregularly, similar to Haumea. Hiʻiaka has a diameter of about 320 kilometers, and Namaka is about 170 kilometers across. Together, they give Haumea a remarkable family in our solar system! 🌌
Orbit And Rotation
Haumea orbits the Sun at an average distance of about 43 astronomical units (AU) from it. 🪐One AU is the distance from the Earth to the Sun, which is around 93 million miles! It takes Haumea about 285 Earth years to complete one full orbit around the Sun. Isn't that a long time? 🌍Haumea's fast rotation means that its day is much shorter than its year, which is quite fascinating!
Discovery And Naming
Haumea was discovered by a team of astronomers, including Mike Brown and his colleagues, in 2004. They spotted it using powerful telescopes in Hawaii 🏝️. The name "Haumea" comes from Hawaiian mythology, honoring the goddess who is believed to give birth to children. Interestingly, Haumea was officially recognized as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2008. This information helps scientists to categorize celestial objects in space! 🚀
Scientific Significance
Haumea is important for scientists because it helps them learn more about the formation of celestial objects in the Kuiper Belt, where it resides. 🌠Studying Haumea also gives insight into the effects of rapid rotation on celestial bodies, helping scientists understand how different forces shape the universe over time. 🪐Its unique features and surroundings make it a great subject for future research!
Physical Characteristics
Haumea has a unique elongated shape, resembling an egg rather than a sphere. It spins quickly on its axis, completing one rotation in just about 4 hours! ⏰This rapid spin causes its equator to bulge out slightly. Haumea is also quite large, with a diameter of about 1,635 kilometers (1,017 miles) at its widest point. Its surface is covered in a layer of icy materials and possibly crystalline water ice! ❄️
Temperature And Atmosphere
Haumea is extremely cold, with surface temperatures that can drop to about -240 degrees Celsius (-400 degrees Fahrenheit) 🥶! Because it's so far from the Sun, there's not much heat. Haumea has a thin atmosphere, mainly made up of hydrogen and helium. 🌬️ This thin atmosphere can't hold much heat, which is one reason it stays so cold! Scientists explore these extreme temperatures to understand more about the mysteries of our universe! 🔭
Exploration And Future Studies
Currently, Haumea hasn't been visited by any spacecraft, but scientists are eager to learn more about it! ✈️ Future missions may send spacecraft to study Haumea and its moons more closely. Researchers are also using powerful telescopes to gather more information from afar. 🌌Understanding Haumea can help us unlock the secrets of the solar system and the mysterious objects that inhabit it! 🚀
Surface Composition And Features
The surface of Haumea is mainly composed of icy materials and is thought to have some rocky parts as well. 🧊Scientists believe it may contain dark organic compounds, which are fascinating to study! There are also large regions of bright ice, making it stand out in space. Haumea has a lot of interesting features, and its unique shape could tell us more about how it formed! 🪐
Comparison With Other Dwarf Planets
Haumea is one of five officially recognized dwarf planets, including Pluto, Eris, Makemake, and Ceres. 🌕Unlike Pluto, which is round, Haumea's egg shape stands out. While Eris is mostly icy and rocky, Haumea has a faster rotation and unique moons. 🌀Each dwarf planet has its own special characteristics, making it exciting to learn about the solar system's variety!
Did you know?
🌌 Haumea is a dwarf planet located beyond Neptune's orbit.
🔭 It was discovered in 2004 by astronomers using telescopes in Hawaii.
⏰ Haumea spins extremely fast, completing one rotation in just about 4 hours.
🐚 Haumea is shaped like an egg, which makes it unique compared to other planets.
🌕 Haumea has two moons named Hiʻiaka and Namaka.
🌍 It takes Haumea about 285 Earth years to make one full orbit around the Sun.
❄️ The surface of Haumea is covered in icy materials and possibly water ice.
🥶 Haumea experiences extremely cold temperatures, dropping to about -240 degrees Celsius.
🌌 Haumea is recognized as one of five official dwarf planets including Pluto and Eris.
🚀 Scientists are eager to learn more about Haumea through future space missions.
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